Two greatest poets of this tradition were Mir Muhammad 'classical' (i.e., 18th/19th-century) North Indian Urdu ghazal the The rest of this discussion will focus on the The northward migration of Urdu poetry around the beginning of the 1700's was a complex and contested process (see Chapter Six in Early Urdu Literary Culture and History ). Early Urdu, cultivated in the Deccan during the Mughal period, included a substantial body of ghazal poetry (on Dakani or 'early Urdu' literature: ). Through widespread popularity in the 'Persian cosmopolis', theĮarly modern ghazal also came to develop major traditions in ) The overarchingĬenturies-long history of Persian ghazal is described inĭetail in E. ‘Convention in the Classical Urdu Ghazal’. Love, while the faithful, longing lover was even a kind of Overtones: separation and suffering were at the heart of Onward, this second theme had come to have mystical Passed into Persian from the early eleventh century Rakish celebration of wine, women, and song and theĮlegiac lament over lost love. Genre itself, it originated in sixth-century Arabic verse.Įarly Arabic ghazal revolved around two broad themes: the Means something like ‘conversations with women’ like the
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